Ur was an ancient city in southern Mesopotamia, located
near the original mouth of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers on the
Persian Gulf and close to Eridu. Because of marine regression, the
remains are now well inland in present-day Iraq.The site is marked
by the ruins of the ziggurat,still largely intact, and by the settlement
mound. The ziggurat is a temple of Nanna, the moon deity in Sumerian
mythology,.
SumerBackground
The term "Sumerian" is an exonym (a name given by another group of people),
first applied by the Akkadians. The Sumerians described themselves as "the
black-headed people" and called their land , "place of the civilized lords".
The Sumerians, with a language, culture, and, perhaps, appearance different
from their Semitic neighbors and successors were at one time believed to
have been invaders, but the archaeological record shows cultural continuity
from the time of the early Ubaid period (4500 BC -5200 BC )settlements in
southern Mesopotamia. In fact, the Sumerian language is replete with terms
for canals, dikes, and reservoirs, indicating that Sumerian speakers were
farmers who moved down from the north after perfecting irrigation agriculture
there ,
By the time of the Uruk period (3100 BC -4500 BC calibrated), the volume
of trade goods being inexpensively transported along the canals and rivers
of southern Mesopotamia facilitated the rise of many large temple-centered
cities where centralized administrations could afford to employ specialized
workers. It is fairly certain that it was during the Uruk period that
Sumerian cities began to make use of slave labor, and there is ample evidence
for captured slaves as workers in the earliest texts. Artifacts, and even
colonies of this Uruk civilization have been found over a wide area -
from the Mediterranean sea in the west, to the Taurus mountains in Turkey,
and as far east as Central Iran.
The Uruk period civilization, exported by Sumerian traders and colonists,
had a stimulating and influential effect on surrounding peoples, who gradually
evolved their own comparable, competing economies. The cities of Sumer could
not maintain remote, long-distance colonies purely by military force; (
but probably had representive rule in placed ) the Sumerians
seem to be limited to southern Mesopotamia, although very early rulers such
as Lugal-Anne-Mundu are indeed recorded as expanding to neighboring areas
as far as the Mediterranean, Taurus and Zagros, and not long after legendary
figures like Enmerkar and Gilgamesh, who are associated in mythology with
the historical transfer of culture from Eridu to Uruk,
City states
In the earliest known period Sumer was divided into several independent
city-states, whose limits were defined by canals and boundary stones. Each
was centered on a temple dedicated to the patron god or goddess of the city
and ruled over by a priest or king, who was intimately tied to the city's
religious rites.Some of the major cities included Eridu, Kish, Lagash, Uruk,
Ur, and Nippur. As these cities developed, they sought to assert primacy
over each other, falling into a millennium of almost incessant warfare over
water rights, trade routes, and tribute from nomadic tribes.
Historian Alan Marcus says:
"Sumerians held a rather dour perspective on life"One Sumerian wrote:
"Tears, lament, anguish, and depression are within me. Suffering
overwhelms me. Evil fate holds me and carries off my life. Malignant sickness
bathes me."Another wrote, "Why am I counted among the
ignorant? Food is all about, yet my food is hunger. On the day shares
were allotted, my allotted share was suffering."
1st Military
The Standard of Ur. The bottom panel of the War Side
The panel can be seen as the 1st war like religious priest soilders .
( Also note: these sumerians features look very stereo typical of the
modern day religious Jewish- the gods chosens - in appearence. )
The domestic horse did not appear in Sumer until the Ur III period - one
thousand years after the Uruk period ended.(3100 - 4500 BC calibrated)
City walls defended Sumerian cities. The Sumerians engaged in siege warfare
between their cities, and the mudbrick walls failed to deter foes who
had the time to pry out the bricks.Sumerian armies consisted mostly of
infantry. Light infantrymen carried battle-axes, daggers, and spears.
The regular infantry also used copper helmets, felt cloaks, and leather
kilts. The Sumerian military used carts harnessed to onagers. These early
chariots functioned less effectively in combat than did later designs,
and some have suggested that these chariots served primarily as transports.
Economy and trade
Discoveries of obsidian from far-away locations in Anatolia and lapis lazuli
from northeastern Afghanistan, beads from Dilmun (modern Bahrain), and several
seals inscribed with the Indus Valley script suggest a remarkably wide-ranging
network of ancient trade centered around the Persian Gulf.The Epic of Gilgamesh
refers to trade with far lands for goods such as wood that were scarce in
Mesopotamia. In particular, cedar from Lebanon was prized. The Sumerians
used slaves, although they were not a major part of the economy. Slave women
worked as weavers, pressers, millers, and porters. Sumerian potters decorated
pots with cedar oil paints. The potters used a bow drill to produce the
fire needed for baking the pottery. Sumerian masons and jewelers knew and
made use of alabaster (calcite), ivory, gold, silver, carnelian and lapis
lazuli.
Legacy
The Sumerians are perhaps remembered most for their many inventions.
Many authorities credit them with the invention of the wheel and the potter's
wheel. Their cuneiform writing system was the first we have evidence of
, pre-dating Egyptian hieroglyphics by at least seventy five years. They
were among the first formal astronomers. They came up with the concept
of dividing the hour into 60 minutes and the minute into 60 seconds. They
may have invented military formations. Perhaps most importantly, the Sumerians
ushered in the age of intensive agriculturalism in Ancient Mesopotamia.
Einkorn and Emmer wheat, #, sheep and cattle were foremost among the species
cultivated and raised for the first time on a grand scale.
Tower of Babel-
Southern Iraq.
( in Biblical Shinar in modern southern Iraq.)
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According to the narrative in Genesis Chapter 11 of the Bible,
the Tower of Babel was a tower to place all people under on
one roof. but due to different languages problems. the work
stopped.and the builders were then scattered to different
parts of the world . |
Sanliurfa
The temple mosque built on the site where, according to Muslim
tradition, the Prophet Abraham was born.
Sanliurfa also Urfa, formerly Edessa is a city in eastern
Turkey, and the provincial capital of Sanliurfa Province.
According to Muslim tradition it is the location of Ur, and the birthplace
of Abraham is said to be at a mosque in the
city.
Today, the visitor to the town can visit the mosque complex
surrounding Abraham's Cave and The Pool of
Sacred Fish.
Turkey's Mount Ararat
The Book of Genesis identifies this mountain
range
as the resting place of Noah's Ark after the Great Flood .
| Mount Ararat |
Satellite picture of Mount Ararat |
| Elevation: |
5,137
metres (16,854 ft) |
| Location: |
Turkey |
| Range: |
Caucasus
Mountains |
| Prominence: |
3,611
m |
| Coordinates: |
39°42′N,
44°17′E |
| Type: |
Stratovolcano |
| Age of rock: |
|
| Last eruption: |
within
the past 10,000 years |
Mount Ararat , the tallest peak in modern Turkey, is a
snow-capped dormant volcanic cone,
located in the far northeast of Turkey, 16 km west of Iran and
32 km south of Armenia.
The mountain was the setting for the legend of the ten thousand
martyrs of Mount Ararat.
Even though the mountain is located in Turkey,
Ararat is the national symbol of Armenia,
where it is sometimes called Masis and was
once Armenian territory until it fell to the Turks .
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| Coat of arms |
Armenia
The original Armenian name for the country ,
later Hayastan, translated as the land of
Haik.
According to legend,
Haik was a great-great-grandson of Noah
Son of Togarmah, who was a son of Gomer, a son of
Noah's son, Japheth), and according to an ancient
Armenian tradition,
a forefather of all Armenians He is said to have settled
below Mount Ararat,
travelled to assist in building the Tower of Babel
Hayq was given the name Armenia by the surrounding
states,
as it was the name of the strongest tribe living in
the historic Armenian lands,
who called themselves Armens.
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Republic of Armenia is
a member of the Council of Europe and the Commonwealth
of Independent States and for centuries has been
on the crossroads between the east and west. Armenia
has been populated by humans since prehistoric times,
and has been proposed as the site of the Biblical
Garden of Eden.
Armenia was a regional empire with a rich culture
in the years leading up to the 1st century,
spanning from the shores of the Black Sea to the
Caspian Sea and the Mediterranean Sea during the
rule of Tigranes the Great
.Armenia's strategic location between two continents
has subjected it to invasions by many peoples,
including the Assyrians, Persians, Greeks, Romans,
Byzantines, Arabs, Turks and Mongols.
After a short-lived independent republic established
after the Bolshevik Revolution in Petrograd,
Armenia was incorporated into the USSR.
Between 1922 and 1936 it existed as the Transcaucasian
Soviet Federated Socialist Republic
(with Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan), and from
1936 to 1991 as the Armenian SSR.
During the final years of the Ottoman Empire (1915-1922),
a large proportion of Armenians living in Anatolia perished
as a result of what is termed the Armenian Genocide,
regarded by Armenians and the vast majority of Western
historians to have been state-sponsored mass killings.
Turkish authorities, however, maintain that the deaths
were a result of a civil war coupled with disease and
famine, with casualties incurred by both sides. Most
estimates for the number of Armenians killed range from
650,000 to 1,500,000, and these events are traditionally
commemorated yearly on April 24. Armenians and a handful
of other countries worldwide have been campaigning for
official recognition of the events as genocide for over
30 years, but there are also many countries who are
pressured not to officially characterize the Armenian
massacres as Genocide.
Coat of arms of Armenia
consists of an eagle and a lion supporting a shield.
The coat of arms combines new and old symbols. The
eagle and lion are ancient Armenian symbols dating
from the first Armenian kingdoms that existed prior
to Christ.The shield itself consists of many components.
In the center is a depiction of Mount Ararat, where
Noah's ark supposedly came to rest after the great
flood.Subsequently, foreign powers ruled Armenia until
1918, . This coat of arms originates from that period,
and the sword at the bottom symbolizes the end of
outside rule and a desire to defend Armenia.
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Ancient bahraian burial mounds at kofun |
Bahrain . ( Meeting Home Land
of the Gods ) has been populated by humans since prehistoric times,
and has even been proposed as the site of the Biblical Garden of Eden.
and a meeting home of the gods Ea or ENKI
and NINKI who were to live together on
the Island of Dilmun a paradise land some thought
to present day Bahrein.
Story of Gilgamesh Searching for eternal life
,decides to find Utnapishtim, who has lived in
Dilmun since before the flood.
The Kingdom of Bahrain, or Bahrain
(formerly spelled Bahrein), is a borderless Island
nation in the Persian Gulf
Saudi Arabia
The most Holiest
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia .
The Holy Qur'an is the constitution of the country, which is governed
on the basis of Priest Religious Law's Shari'a.
There are no recognized political parties or national elections.
The ( egg head ) king is often classified as an absolute monarch, but his
powers are theoretically limited within the bounds of Shari'a Religious
Islamic Doctrines
and must retain a consensus of other important elements in Saudi Arabian
Society, the state's ideology the king must spread further the funding construction
of Mosques Temples and Qur'an temple schools around the world.
The leading members of the royal family choose the king from among themselves
with the subsequent approval of the Religious Leaders Ulema.
Saudi kings have gradually developed a central government. Since 1953, the
Council of Ministers, appointed by and responsible to the king, has advised
on the formulation of general policy and directed the activities of the
growing bureaucracy. This council consists of a prime minister, the first
and second deputy prime ministers, 20 ministers of whom the minister of
defense also is the second deputy prime minister, two ministers of state,
and a small number of advisers and heads of major autonomous organizations.
Legislation is by resolution of the Council of Ministers, ratified by royal
decree, and must be compatible with the Shari'a Religious Laws.
Justice is administered according to the Shari'a by a system of Religious
Courts
whose judges are appointed by the king on the recommendation of the Supreme
Judicial Council, composed of 12 senior jurists. The independence of the
judiciary is protected by law. The king acts as the highest court of appeal
and has the power to pardon. Saudi Municipal elections took place in 2005
as a first step to open the way to form political parties in the future.
Saudi courts impose capital punishment and corporal punishment, including
amputations of hands and feet for serious robbery, and floggings for lesser
crimes such as "sexual deviance" and drunkenness. The number of lashes
is not clearly prescribed by law and varied according to the discretion
of judges, and ranges from dozens of lashes to several thousand, usually
applied over a period of weeks or months.In 2002, the United Nations Committee
against Torture criticised Saudi Arabia over the amputations and floggings
it carries out under the Shari'a Religious Laws.
The Saudi delegation responded defending "legal traditions" held since the
inception of Islam in the region 1400 years ago and rejected interference
in its legal system. Religious police enforce a modest code of dress and
many institutions from schools to ministries are gender-segregated. homosexual
men and women are prosecuted sometimes publicly
executed, if they are found to be engaging in same-sex sexual activities.
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Coat of Arms ,
United Arab Emirates,
The Hunting Falcon |
United Arab Emirates, Flags
|
GCC Logo |
United Arab Emirates ,Entity
contraversy with the US White House backing a deal to sell 6 major USA
Trading Ports, purchase from uk
Saudi Arabia is a destination for men and women from South and East Asia
and East Africa seeking work. Hundreds of thousands of low-skilled workers
from third world regions migrate voluntarily to Saudi Arabia. A minority
of these immigrants are trafficked for the purpose of labor exploitation,
begging, or involuntary servitude.
Many of these involuntary workers suffer from abuse, non-payment or delayed
payment of wages, the withholding of travel documents, restrictions on
their freedom of movement and non-consensual contract alterations.
The exit and entry visa cards ask applicants for their religious affiliation
and officially bans entry to the NON Religious
mind or The NOT Religious.
Islam's holy book The Qur'an is Saudi Arabia's constitution, and Shari'ah
, Islamic law is the foundation of its legal system.
One of Saudi Arabia's most compelling folk rituals is the Ardha,
the country's national dance. This sword dance is based on ancient
Bedouin traditions: drummers beat out a rhythm and a poet chants
verses while sword-carrying men dance shoulder to shoulder.
Islam forbids the eating of pork and the drinking of alcohol, and
this law is followed strictly throughout Saudi Arabia.
Public theatres and cinemas are prohibited, as Wahabbi tradition
deems those institutions to be incompatible with Islam.
However, in private compounds such as Dhahran and Ras Tanura public
theaters can be found, but often are more popular for local music,
arts, and theatre productions rather than the exhibition of motion
pictures. Recently plans for some cinemas that will allow Arabic
cartoons to be featured in cinemas for women and children were announced.
An institution found in Saudi Arabia is the Mutaween, or religious
police, also known as the Authority for the Promotion of Virtue
and Prevention of Vice. There are 3,500 officers assisted by
thousands of volunteers, whose job it is to enforce religious doctrine
Muslim Shari'a law as defined by the Saudi government and to root
out "un-Islamic" activities.
They have the power to arrest any unrelated males and females caught
socializing, and to ban consumer products and media, such as games
and toys, various Western musical groups, and television shows.
On March 11, 2002 the Mutaween prevented schoolgirls from escaping
from their burning school in Mecca because the girls were not wearing
headscarves and abayas black robes. Fifteen girls died and
50 were injured as a result. There was widespread public criticism,
and the Saudi government and religious leaders condemned the Mutaween
for their actions.
From : Columbia Encyclopedia. Source: answers.com
/Arab
The Arab Empire
A vast empire, which at its height stretched from the Atlantic Ocean
on the west, across North Africa and the Middle East, to central
Asia on the east. The Arabs became the rulers of many different
peoples, and gradually a great Arab civilization was built up. Although
many of its cultural leaders were not ethnically Arabs some were
not even Muslims but Judaeo-Christians , Jews and Muslims
of the ambrahmic faiths.
In the background as one unit from the alien perverted mind control
of the priest Cults.
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